How to harness an ongoing fusion flame for safe energy. 

By: Gerold Kurt V. Klein Jr.

This is the shape of the first magnetic fields that briefly held an ongoing fusion flame .

First how to craft an enclosed magnetic bottle.
The red arrows are traveling electrons and their direction.
The purple arrow is responsible for the inner ring of magnetic field lines.The electrons in front of the purple arrow is responsible for next circular magnetic field line just outside the inner ring.  And the previous sets of electrons, in order, caused the magnet field line also in order.

A steady flow of electrons maintain a constant magnetic field around the wire.

Bend the wire into a circle and all the magnetic field lines inside the ring have the same direction.

Magnetic filed lines are drawn to show the strength an direction of a magnetic field.
When more field lines are drawn in an area- it indicates a stronger magnetic field in that area.
This shows that the magnetic field is close to uniform near the center of the wire ring.
But also shown is that the magnetic field gets stronger when you get near and approach the wire.
The changing of magnetic field strength along a direction of different positions is called a gradient.

At this point a solenoid has been crafted.
Take a long solenoid and bend it so one end meets the other and you have this enclose magnetic bottle.
The big red arrows show the direction of many electrons.
The blue arrows sow the direction of the magnetic field.
This is the basics of a magnetic toroid.

This is a detail look at the inner working of a proton being kept inside a magnetic toroid.

Now we put a moving proton inside the magnetic field

Speed and velocity have different meanings.  Speed does not describe a direction.  Velocity includes both the speed and the direction.  So velocity is a vector and speed is not.  The magnetism of a point inside a magnetic field is also an vector.  It describes both a magnetic strength at that point, and a direction of the magnetic field lines.  When an electrically charged particle moves across magnetic field line it creates an electro-motive force.  A proton has a positive electrical charge.  So a proton crossing magnetic field lines results in an electro-motive force on the proton.  This force is also a vector.  The force vector is perpendicular to both the direction of the proton and the direction of the magnetic point.

The right hand below is a reference. 

The hand is a proton with a positive electrical charge.  

The blue arrow shows the direction of the magnetic field.

The red arrow shows the direction of the proton's velocity.

The green arrow shows the direction of the resulting electro-motive force.

If a proton were fired in between  horizontal, level double pane glass; and with the double pane glass inside the magnetic field of an upright solenoid - like the previous drawing, a resulting force would constantly change the direction of the proton.  The proton would follow a circular path inside the double pane glass, and may never leave the glass.

The next picture shows the vectors keeping a proton inside the toroid.  One intermediate goal towards harnessing fusion is to increase the temperature of the fusion plasma particles.  Increasing the plasma's temperature will also increase the speed of the plasma's particles.  The higher speeds make for more  collisions that will stick two hydrogen isotopes together into a helium isotope.
So here is a magnetic field, with no gradient, containing a proton while it is being heated.
The red arrows are velocity vectors.
The green arrows are electro-motive force vectors from the charged particle crossing magnetic field lines.

Now on to the new innovations I have made

Using a computer as a project I set out to write a computer simulator to simulate the path a proton would take when given three vectors of an initial velocity.  With virtual reality this is a magnetic field of uniform magnitude that does not stop at the walls of the torus.

With my virtual physics lab I discovered what I call Klein's force.

Klein's force is the centrifugal force of the overall spiraling path translated electro-motively into

a force pulling the overall spiraling path up or down out of the torus.

I then read that it is the gradient of the magnetic field that contains the overall path of the spiraling path of a proton.  That means an enclosed magnetic bottle is completed enclosed by a skin - such that the magnetic field increases in strength as a proton nears the skin.  This changing strength is call a gradient.

So I adjusted the software I wrote accordingly.

The first of the 3 images below shows a proton fired inside a magnetic torus with a strong gradient skin, 

but in zero gravity.  In this virtual simulation we have ongoing containment. Yahooo!!

In the second of these 3 pictures nothing else was changed except that I turned up the gravity up until the magnetic field's gradient barely contained the path of the proton.

In the third simulation with only changing gravity; I turned up the gravity until the magnet field wit it's gradient skin could not contain the proton

The next picture show the next shape of an enclosed magnetic bottle to contain, on going, a fusion plasma flame.   This is,without much argument, the next shape, and it is currently being built in Princeton as the Spherical Torus.
I heard the latest record for time the fusion flame was contained is currently about 15 minutes.

One goal of harnessing fusion is to contain an ongoing flame that produces more energy than it take to power the magnetic field and the reactor.  I saw an intermediate possible goal of simply going for an ongoing flame, even if it did take more power to maintain and contain the flame than the power the flame puts out.  For this I looked at what I call Klein's Direction.

Klein's Direction is in an opposite direction than the new magnetic bottle now being built at Princeton.

It has a high ratio of surface area to volume contained, probably making it inefficient in terms of power in versus power out.  But I think the record could be broken with this shape, and perhaps possibly be ongoing.  I figure the ability to maintain an ongoing fusion flame would be a plentiful place to continue from..

A slight curvature eliminates straight paths with no magnetic field vector quantity.

Below are 3 super imposed paths of fired protons.  There is no gradient or boundaries to the two superimposed magnetic fields.

This is an example of continuing after achieving ongoing containment.  

In the simulation below I crushed the diameter of the over-all spiral 

Into a narrower gradient enclosed magnetic tube or solenoid.  

Incorporating that into my previous magnetic bottle shapes-
I came up with what I call Klein's Magnetic Bottle.
I knick-named it Klein's Bulb

I made my first observation of Klein's Force back in my first year in Maine Medical Centers 4 year grant that was awarded to Dr. Benjamin Crocker.  And I added the straight away tubes to the torus soon after that year.

I fear I made a mistake a decade or so ago.
I showed my magnetic bottles to "friends" in Portland Maine USA,
and I showed it to people in Brunswick Maine USA.

But the ideas were put in an intellectual property vault at a ten story Law firm my father used when he developed escharase.  My first ideas were put in this intellectual property vault and have not been touched since- long before I showed it to many people and it has not been touched since it was put in the vault.